This Act may be cited as the Vaccines in Trial and Liability Act of 2025 or the VITAL Act of 2025.

(a) In general Chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 1041. Clinical vaccine trial fraud Whoever, being a medical research company or sponsor, makes a fraudulent statement to, or conceals from, any department or agency of the United States, any material data collected from a clinical vaccine trial, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.. (b) Clerical amendment The table of sections for chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 1041. Clinical vaccine trial fraud..

Section 564(c) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bU.S. Code — Title 21, Section 360bView official source on GovInfobb–3(c)) is amended— (1) in paragraph (4), by striking and; (2) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (6); and (3) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following: (5) the authorization is based on a certification by a medical research company or sponsor that no fraudulent material statements were made, and no material information was concealed, with respect to the circumstances described under subsection (b)(1) or the criteria under this subsection; and.

Section 564(g)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360bU.S. Code — Title 21, Section 360bView official source on GovInfobb–3(g)(2)) is amended— (1) in subparagraph (B), by striking or at the end; (2) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D); and (3) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following: (C) the Secretary determines that fraudulent material statements were made, or material information was concealed, with respect to the circumstances described under subsection (b)(1) or the criteria under subsection (c); or.

Section 2(b)(1) of the Trickett Wendler, Frank Mongiello, Jordan McLinn, and Matthew Bellina Right to Try Act of 2017 (21 U.S.C. 360bU.S. Code — Title 21, Section 360bView official source on GovInfobb–0a note) is amended— (1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting, unless a fraudulent material statement was made, or material information was concealed, with respect to data collected from a clinical trial of the investigational drug before the semicolon; and (2) in subparagraph (B), by inserting, including a fraudulent material statement made, or material information concealed, with respect to data collected from a clinical trial of the investigational drug before the period.

Section 319F–3 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247dU.S. Code — Title 42, Section 247dView official source on GovInfo–6d) is amended— (1) in subsection (c)— (A) in paragraph (1)(A)— (i) by redesignating clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) as subclauses (I), (II), and (III), respectively; (ii) by moving subclauses (I), (II), and (III), as redesignated, 2 ems to the right; (iii) by striking the period at the end of subclause (III) and inserting; and, as redesignated; (iv) by striking subsection (d), denote and inserting the following: subsection (d)— (i) denote; and (v) by adding at the end the following: (ii) includes— (I) making a fraudulent material statement with respect to data collected from a clinical trial; or (II) concealing material information with respect to data collected from a clinical trial.; and (B) in paragraph (5)(A)— (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking subsection (d) if— and inserting subsection (d)—; (ii) in clause (i)— (I) by inserting if before neither; and (II) by striking or at the end; (iii) in clause (ii)— (I) by inserting if before such an enforcement; and (II) by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and (iv) by adding at the end the following: (iii) unless the Secretary determines, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, that a fraudulent material statement was made, or material information was concealed, by a covered person with respect to data collected from a clinical trial of a covered countermeasure.; and (2) in subsection (e)— (A) by striking paragraph (7); and (B) by adding at the end the following: (11) Award of damages Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the amount of an award of damages made to a plaintiff may not be reduced because of any other award for damages the plaintiff may receive as a result of such claim..

Section 2122 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300aU.S. Code — Title 42, Section 300aView official source on GovInfoa–22) is amended by adding at the end the following: (f) Liability (1) Fraudulent material statement No civil action against a vaccine manufacturer or vaccine sponsor shall be barred under this part if the Secretary determines, after notice and opportunity for a hearing, that a fraudulent material statement was made, or material information was concealed, by a vaccine manufacturer with respect to data collected from a clinical trial of a vaccine. (2) Award of damages (A) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an plaintiff bringing a claim pursuant to paragraph (1) may— (i) seek compensation under the program established under this part; and (ii) concurrently bring an action with respect to such claim in any appropriate United States district court. (B) Award of damages Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the amount of an award of damages made to a plaintiff for a claim pursuant to paragraph (1) may not be reduced on the basis of any other damages the plaintiff may receive as a result of such claim. (3) Applicability with respect to COVID–19 vaccine Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a civil action against a vaccine manufacturer pursuant to paragraph (1) with respect to a vaccine related to COVID–19 may be made at any time. (4) COVID–19 definition In this section, the term COVID–19 means the coronavirus disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or the SARS–CoV–2. This term also relates to any and all variations of that virus of which there is no termination date for this term.

(a) Fraudulent material or statements In the case that the Secretary of Health and Human Services determines that a vaccine manufacturer or vaccine sponsor has made fraudulent material or statements or concealed material information with respect to a situation described in this Act, or an amendment made by this Act, the Secretary shall and provide such manufacturer or sponsor 30 days to refute a determination made in a hearing described in subsection (b). (b) Hearing (1) In general The Secretary shall determine a date, time, and format for a hearing under this subsection, including a requirement that the vaccine manufacturer or vaccine sponsor provide any requested document to the Secretary not more than five days before the hearing. (2) Format The format of a hearing under paragraph (1) shall be determined by the Secretary. (3) Publication Any written or verbal testimony submitted by the vaccine manufacturer or vaccine sponsor at the hearing under paragraph (1) shall be published on the internet website of the Secretary of Health and Human Services. (c) Does not provide information In the case that the vaccine manufacturer or vaccine sponsor does not respond to the Secretary in accordance with this section, an initial determination of fraud shall be maintained and shall have the full force and effect of this Act.