Definitions

In this Act: (1) Artificial intelligence (A) In general The term artificial intelligence means a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations, or decisions influencing real or virtual environments, including by using machine-based and human-based inputs— (i) to abstract such objectives into models through analysis in an automated manner; and (ii) to use model inferences to generate information or formulate options for action. (B) Inclusions The term artificial intelligence includes machine learning, neural networks, and natural language processing. (2) Artificial intelligence weather model The term artificial intelligence weather model means a weather model based primarily on artificial intelligence to project future Earth system conditions based on machine learning from an Earth system reanalysis dataset. (3) Curate The term curate means to collect, maintain, and update periodically a dataset— (A) to ensure and document its quality; and (B) to provide metadata on its provenance. (4) Numerical weather model The term numerical weather model means a weather model based primarily on coupled Earth system processes and that uses numerical computation to forecast future Earth system conditions. (5) Observational data The term observational data means data from actual observations of environmental conditions, including remote sensing and in situ platforms. (6) Open license The term open license has the meaning given that term in section 3502(21) of title 44, United States Code. (7) Reforecast analysis The term reforecast analysis means the assessment of a numerical weather model or artificial intelligence weather model by comparing model output and observational data over a period of time in the past. (8) Synthetic data The term synthetic data means data produced from a model or statistical method in order to fill gaps in observational data. (9) Training dataset The term training dataset means a dataset used to train an artificial intelligence model. (10) Under Secretary The term Under Secretary means the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere. (11) Weather enterprise The term weather enterprise has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 (15 U.S.C. 8501).