Earth system forecasting and information delivery

(a) In general Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the National Science Foundation, any appropriate Federal Advisory Committee, and such other technical experts as the Under Secretary considers appropriate, shall develop and curate comprehensive weather forecasting training datasets with relevant Earth system data, quality information, and metadata necessary for weather forecasting dataset that develops a long-term record of past weather in support of the following: (1) Furthering the understanding of weather, water, and space weather modeling and data. (2) Advancing the science of weather forecasting, including seasonal and subseasonal forecasting. (3) Developing artificial intelligence weather forecasting applications. (b) Use of existing datasets In order to speed the development of the weather forecasting training dataset required under subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall assess, and to the greatest extent practicable build on, existing weather forecasting training datasets of the Federal Government. (c) Artificial intelligence weather model (1) In general In carrying out this section, the Under Secretary, in consultation with any appropriate Federal Advisory Committees, may develop and test a global weather model based on artificial intelligence, to be referred to as an artificial intelligence weather model. (2) Weather ready nation In coordination with the activities carried out under paragraph (1), the Under Secretary may explore using artificial intelligence to enhance the dissemination of information and evaluation of effectiveness for improved public understanding, preparedness, and resilience. (3) Reports Not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this Act and not less frequently than annually thereafter, the Under Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on the activities conducted under paragraph (1). (d) Cooperative institutes and contracting authority In carrying out this section, subject to the availability of appropriations, the Under Secretary may competitively award contracts and funding opportunities, increase the scope of existing cooperative institutes of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or competitively award a new cooperative institute. (e) Environmental impact The Under Secretary shall develop and disseminate best practices to minimize environmental impacts from the use of artificial intelligence to carry out this section. (f) Continued support for observations, basic research, and numerical weather models Notwithstanding the requirements of this section, the Under Secretary shall continue to support and advance the activities of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration carry out the following: (1) Collect and acquire traditional and novel observational data relevant for artificial intelligence and numerical weather models. (2) Advance research on the Earth system and numerical weather models. (3) Develop and advance numerical Earth system modeling for predictions. (4) Develop weather model data post-processing techniques. (5) Improve data assimilation techniques.