Technical assistance on use of artificial intelligence weather models

(a) In general The Under Secretary shall regularly inventory and assess major non-Federal Government artificial intelligence weather models in order to provide the following: (1) Technical evaluation and assistance on using such models. (2) Best practices on providing forecasts based on outputs from both artificial intelligence weather models and numerical weather models, or a combination thereof. (3) Support for forecasters and social scientists to test and evaluate the use and effectiveness of artificial intelligence models, including within National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration testbeds. (4) Support for emergency managers to make operational decisions based on outputs from both artificial intelligence weather models and numerical weather models, or a combination thereof. (b) Reforecast analysis (1) In general The Under Secretary shall support the development of a common framework for the assessment of numerical weather models and artificial intelligence weather models through reforecast analysis and related methodologies as the Under Secretary considers appropriate. (2) Best practices In carrying out this subsection, the Under Secretary may develop and disseminate best practices in collaboration with the following: (A) The National Institute for Standards and Technology. (B) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (C) The National Science Foundation. (D) The Department of Energy. (E) Academic and research institutions. (F) The private sector. (3) Report on use of analysis to improve models Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives a report on the feasibility of using reforecast analysis techniques to improve seasonal and subseasonal models. (c) Weather forecast offices In carrying out this section, the Under Secretary shall provide technical assistance, best practices, and support required under subsection (a) through weather forecast offices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (d) Independent study on the impacts of artificial intelligence weather, water, and space weather models The Under Secretary may enter into an agreement with the National Academy of Sciences or any other entity determined appropriate by the Under Secretary to assess the impacts of artificial intelligence weather models on the weather enterprise and make recommendations to improve the integration of such models in operational forecasting.