Funding and administration

(a) Commodity Credit Corporation (1) Annual funding Section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)) is amended— (A) in paragraph (1)— (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting, and $17,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2030, after 2023; and (ii) in subparagraph (B), by inserting and $70,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2030, including not more than $5,000,000 to provide outreach and technical assistance, after technical assistance,; (B) in paragraph (2)— (i) in subparagraph (E), by striking and at the end; (ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking 2031. and inserting 2025; and; and (iii) by adding at the end the following: (G) $700,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2033.; and (C) in paragraph (3)— (i) in subparagraph (A)— (I) in clause (iv), by striking and at the end; (II) in clause (v), by striking each of fiscal years 2023 through 2031 and inserting fiscal year 2025; and (III) by adding at the end the following: (vi) $3,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2033; and; and (ii) in subparagraph (B)— (I) in clause (iv), by striking and at the end; (II) in clause (v), by striking each of fiscal years 2023 through 2031. and inserting fiscal year 2025; and; and (III) by adding at the end the following: (vi) $4,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2033.. (2) Technical assistance Section 1241(c) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following: (5) Special initiative (A) In general Beginning in fiscal year 2025, and each year thereafter through fiscal year 2030, the Secretary shall use for a special technical assistance initiative to assist producers in mitigating and adapting to climate change, of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, an amount equal to not less than 1 percent of Commodity Credit Corporation funds made available for the applicable fiscal year for each of the programs described in subsection (a). (B) Provision of technical assistance The Secretary shall provide technical assistance under the special initiative under this paragraph to producers— (i) directly; (ii) (I) through an agreement with a third-party provider (as defined in section 1242(a)); or (II) at the option of the producer, through a payment, as determined by the Secretary, to the producer for a third-party provider approved under section 1242, if available; or (iii) through a cooperative agreement or contract with— (I) a cooperative extension; (II) a nongovernmental organization; or (III) a State, Tribal, or Federal agency. (C) Underserved producers In providing technical assistance under this paragraph, the Secretary shall give priority to producers that are persons described in section 1244(a)(2).. (3) Assistance to certain farmers or ranchers for conservation access Section 1241(h) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(h)) is amended— (A) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking practicable— in the matter preceding clause (i) and all that follows through the period at the end of clause (ii) and inserting practicable, 30 percent to assist beginning farmers or ranchers and socially disadvantaged farmers or ranchers.; and (B) in paragraph (4), by striking section 2501(e) and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting section 2501(a) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 2279(a))) that qualifies under paragraph (1)(B).. (b) Delivery of technical assistance Section 1242 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3842) is amended— (1) in subsection (a)(2)— (A) by inserting an individual, before a commercial entity; (B) by striking State or local and inserting State, local, or Tribal; and (C) by striking nutrient management planning, and inserting soil health planning, greenhouse gas emissions reduction planning, nutrient management planning, integrated pest management planning, agroforestry planning, organic transition planning,; (2) in subsection (e)— (A) in paragraph (3)(A)— (i) by inserting individuals, before commercial entities,; and (ii) by striking State or local and inserting State, local, or Tribal; and (B) in paragraph (5), by inserting or organic after sustainability; and (3) in subsection (i)— (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting perennial production system, after organic,; and (B) in paragraph (2)— (i) in subparagraph (A), by striking organic and inserting organic production, perennial production systems; and (ii) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking organic, specialty crop production and inserting organic production, perennial production systems, specialty crop production,. (c) Administrative requirements for conservation programs (1) Incentives for certain farmers and ranchers and Indian Tribes Section 1244(a)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(a)(1)) is amended— (A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking incentives and inserting incentives, including higher payment rates, advance payments, transition payments, and farm infrastructure assistance,; (B) in subparagraph (A), by striking and at the end; and (C) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following: (B) to establish a new generation of producers that use the full array of climate-friendly conservation activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, increase soil carbon, and improve resilience to weather extremes; and (C) to enhance other long-term environmental goals.. (2) Review and guidance for practice costs and payment rates Section 1244(j)(1)(B) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844(j)(1)(B)) is amended— (A) in clause (ii), by striking and at the end; (B) in clause (iii), by striking the period at the end and inserting; and; and (C) by adding at the end the following: (iv) accelerates progress in meeting the goals established under title I of the Agriculture Resilience Act of 2025.. (3) Advanced grazing management Section 1244 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3844) is amended by adding at the end the following: (q) Advanced grazing management (1) In general In carrying out any conservation program administered by the Secretary, the Secretary shall encourage advanced grazing management, including management-intensive rotational grazing (as those terms are defined in section 1240L(d)(1)). (2) Reservation of funds In each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030, the Secretary shall use to carry out this subsection not less than 2/3 of any funds available for activities relating to livestock production under conservation programs administered by the Secretary under this title (other than the conservation reserve program established under subchapter B of chapter 1 of subtitle D, except for acres enrolled in that program under section 1231(d)(2)).. (d) Environmental services markets Section 1245 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3845) is amended by adding at the end the following: (f) Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Sequestration Monitoring and Measurement Federal Advisory Committee (1) Establishment Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall establish an advisory committee, to be known as the Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Carbon Sequestration Monitoring and Measurement Federal Advisory Committee (referred to in this subsection as the advisory committee). (2) Membership The Secretary shall appoint members to the advisory committee that— (A) reflect diversity in gender, age, race, and geography; and (B) include— (i) farmers and ranchers, including farmers and ranchers operating small- and mid-sized farms; (ii) organizations representing farmers and ranchers, including organizations representing farmers and ranchers operating small- and mid-sized farms; (iii) scientists; (iv) environmental nonprofit organizations; (v) existing private sector carbon and ecosystem services market development initiatives; (vi) businesses working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in the supply chains of the businesses; (vii) relevant Federal agencies; (viii) Tribal communities; and (ix) State agriculture agencies. (3) Terms (A) In general The term of a member of the advisory committee shall be 3 years. (B) Reappointment The Secretary may reappoint a member of the advisory committee for not more than 2 consecutive terms. (4) Meetings The advisory committee shall meet— (A) not fewer than 4 times during the first year after the advisory committee is established; and (B) not less frequently than twice annually thereafter. (5) Recommendations Not later than 1 year after the date on which the advisory committee is established, and periodically thereafter, the advisory committee shall submit to the Secretary recommendations regarding— (A) the feasibility of establishing reliable outcomes-based measurement systems, as described in subsection (g); (B) existing technology that provides reliable measurement data; (C) with respect to parameters for which existing technology does not provide reliable measurement data, research and technical needs and, as appropriate, goals and plans for that research; (D) standards for data collection and dissemination; (E) farmer data management and privacy; (F) greenhouse gas emissions and soil health inventories and databases, as described in subsection (h); and (G) criteria for soil health and greenhouse gas emissions reductions incentives, as described in subsection (i). (g) Measurement system (1) Purpose The Secretary shall evaluate existing outcomes-based measurement systems for recordkeeping, modeling, and measurement of farm-level greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon sequestration, including measures of soil disturbance, plant diversity, continual living cover, residue management, advanced grazing management, and crop-livestock integration, to determine which of those systems— (A) can be implemented quickly; (B) can improve in accuracy and ease over time; (C) use the best available science and technology; (D) estimate uncertainty; and (E) are cost-effective. (2) Guidance Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall issue guidance on the outcomes-based measurement systems evaluated under paragraph (1), based on— (A) recommendations from the advisory committee established under subsection (f); and (B) information from— (i) existing and emerging agroecosystem models; (ii) remote sensing data and analysis; (iii) soil health demonstration trials carried out under section 1240H(c)(7); (iv) existing and emerging public environmental services protocols, measurement systems, and benchmarks, including uncertainty predictions and measurements; (v) field-level measurement, including field-based data collected under section 21002(a)(2) of Public Law 117–169 (7 U.S.C. 6936 note; 136 Stat. 2018); (vi) the Conservation Evaluation and Monitoring Activity for the Carbon Sequestration and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Assessment; and (vii) such other sources as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. (3) Review The Secretary, based on recommendations from the advisory committee established under subsection (f), shall— (A) establish and maintain an outcomes-based measurement system in accordance with the guidance issued under paragraph (2) when feasible; (B) conduct a periodic review of that system; (C) periodically make any necessary updates to that system; and (D) establish research and development goals and plans, as necessary. (h) Inventory (1) In general Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this subsection, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary, in consultation with the advisory committee established under subsection (f) and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall conduct a nationwide soil health and agricultural greenhouse gas emissions inventory that uses the best available science and data to establish expected average performance for soil carbon drawdown and storage and greenhouse gas emissions reduction by primary production type and production region. (2) Database Drawing on the field-based data collected under section 21002(a)(2) of Public Law 117–169 (7 U.S.C. 6936 note; 136 Stat. 2018), the Secretary shall— (A) establish an accessible and interoperable database for the information collected through the inventory conducted under paragraph (1); and (B) improve and update that database not less frequently than once every 2 years as new data is collected. (i) Criteria (1) In general The Secretary, in consultation with the advisory committee established under subsection (f), shall establish criteria for payments, credits, or other forms of incentives to inform policy established to promote soil carbon sequestration or greenhouse gas emissions reductions. (2) Requirements The criteria established under paragraph (1) shall— (A) have a documented likelihood to lead to long-term net increases in soil carbon sequestration and net reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, according to the best available science; (B) be based in part on environmental impact modeling of the changes of shifting from baseline agricultural practices to new or improved agricultural practices; and (C) be designed to prevent the degradation of other natural resource or environmental conditions. (j) Demonstration trials (1) In general The Secretary shall periodically review the results from soil health demonstration trials carried out under section 1240H(c)(7), and other similar public and private demonstration trials that the Secretary determines to be appropriate, to inform the activities under subsections (g), (h), and (i). (2) Recommendations In submitting reports pursuant to section 1240H(c)(7)(C)(ii), the Secretary shall include any recommendations to Congress for changes or additions to the conservation programs under this Act that the Secretary determines to be appropriate to accelerate net increases in soil carbon sequestration and other improvements in soil health..