Patent eligibility

(a) In general Chapter 10 of title 35, United States Code, is amended— (1) in section 100— (A) in subsection (b), by striking includes a new use of a known process and inserting includes a use, application, or method of manufacture of a known or naturally-occurring process; and (B) by adding at the end the following: (k) The term useful means, with respect to an invention or discovery, that the invention or discovery has a specific and practical utility from the perspective of a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention or discovery pertains.; and (2) by amending section 101 to read as follows: 101. Patent eligibility (a) In general Whoever invents or discovers any useful process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any useful improvement thereof, may obtain a patent therefor, subject only to the exclusions in subsection (b) and to the further conditions and requirements of this title. (b) Eligibility exclusions (1) In general Subject to paragraph (2), a person may not obtain a patent for any of the following, if claimed as such: (A) A mathematical formula that is not part of a claimed invention in a category described in subsection (a). (B) A process that is substantially economic, financial, business, social, cultural, or artistic, even though at least 1 step in the process refers to a machine or manufacture. (C) A process that— (i) is a mental process performed solely in the human mind; or (ii) occurs in nature wholly independent of, and prior to, any human activity. (D) An unmodified human gene, as that gene exists in the human body. (E) An unmodified natural material, as that material exists in nature. (2) Conditions For the purposes of— (A) subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1), the claimed invention shall not be excluded from eligibility for a patent if the invention cannot practically be performed without the use of a machine or manufacture; (B) paragraph (1)(D), a human gene shall not be considered to be unmodified if that human gene is— (i) purified, enriched, or otherwise altered by human activity; or (ii) otherwise employed in a useful invention or discovery; and (C) paragraph (1)(E), a natural material shall not be considered to be unmodified if that natural material is— (i) isolated, purified, enriched, or otherwise altered by human activity; or (ii) otherwise employed in a useful invention or discovery. (c) Eligibility (1) In general In determining whether, under this section, a claimed invention is eligible for a patent, eligibility shall be determined— (A) by considering the claimed invention as a whole and without discounting or disregarding any claim element; and (B) without regard to— (i) the manner in which the claimed invention was made; (ii) whether a claim element is known, conventional, routine, or naturally occurring; (iii) the state of the applicable art, as of the date on which the claimed invention is invented; or (iv) any other consideration in section 102, 103, or 112. (2) Infringement action (A) In general In an action brought for infringement under this title, the court, at any time, may determine whether an invention or discovery that is a subject of the action is eligible for a patent under this section, including on motion of a party when there are no genuine issues of material fact. (B) Limited discovery With respect to a determination described in subparagraph (A), the court may consider limited discovery relevant only to the eligibility described in that subparagraph before ruling on a motion described in that subparagraph.. (b) Technical and conforming amendment The table of sections for chapter 10 of title 35, United States Code, is amended by striking the item relating to section 101 and inserting the following: 101. Patent eligibility..