Definitions

In this Act: (1) Computational thinking The term computational thinking — (A) means the wide range of creative processes that go into formulating problems and their solutions in such a way that the solutions can be carried out by a computer; and (B) may involve some understanding of software and hardware design, logic and the use of abstraction and representation, algorithm design, algorithm expression, problem decomposition, modularity, programming paradigms and languages, issues of information security and privacy, the application of computation across a wide range of disciplines, and the societal impact of computing. Programming is a hands-on, inquiry-based way in which computational thinking may be learned. (2) Computer science education The term computer science education includes any of the following: (A) Computational thinking. (B) Software design. (C) Hardware architecture and organization. (D) Theoretical foundations. (E) Use of abstraction and representation in problem solving. (F) Logic. (G) Algorithm design and implementation. (H) The limits of computation. (I) Programming paradigms and languages. (J) Parallel and distributed computing. (K) Information security and privacy. (L) Computing systems and networks. (M) Graphics and visualization. (N) Databases and information retrieval. (O) The relationship between computing and mathematics. (P) Artificial intelligence. (Q) Applications of computing across a broad range of disciplines and problems. (R) Cloud computing. (S) The social impacts and professional practices of computing. (3) Eligible entity The term eligible entity means a State, local educational agency, or eligible Tribal school that demonstrates an ability to carry out an ambitious computer science education expansion effort for all students served by the State, agency, or school, respectively, including traditionally underrepresented students. (4) Eligible tribal school The term eligible Tribal school means— (A) a school operated by the Bureau of Indian Education; (B) a school operated pursuant to the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 450 et seq.); or (C) a tribally controlled school (as defined in section 5212 of the Tribally Controlled Schools Act of 1988 (25 U.S.C. 2511)). (5) Institution of higher education The term institution of higher education has the meaning given the term in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002). (6) Local educational agency The term local educational agency means a local educational agency that meets the requirements of section 1003(f) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6303(f)). (7) Poverty line The term poverty line has the meaning given the term in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 8101). (8) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Education. (9) State The term State has the meaning given the term in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801), in which at least one local educational agency is located. (10) STEAM The term STEAM means the subjects of science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics, including computer science.