Serialization requirement for firearms produced through additive manufacturing

(a) In general Section 923(i) of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) by inserting (1) after (i); and (2) by adding after and below the end the following: (2) A person licensed under this section who produces or completes a frame or receiver for a firearm, or a collection of parts that, with other readily available parts, could be used to produce a firearm, through additive manufacturing or any other process involving the use of a technology, machine, or device that enables the creation of such components other than by traditional manufacturing methods, for sale or transfer in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, shall cast or engrave a serial number on the receiver or frame or each part in the collection.. (b) Definitions Section 921(a) of such title is amended by adding at the end the following: (39) The term additive manufacturing means a process of joining materials to make objects from 3-dimensional model data, usually layer upon layer, including powder bed fusion, material extrusion, directed energy deposition, vat photopolymerization, and binder jetting. (40) The term non-traditional manufacturing method means any process of producing a firearm, frame, or receiver outside of conventional manufacturing, including additive manufacturing, digital fabrication, or other emerging technologies.. (c) Penalties Section 924 of such title is amended by adding at the end the following: (q) Penalties relating to requirement that firearms produced through additive manufacturing have serial numbers (1) Civil penalty for 1 st offense Whoever knowingly violates section 923(i)(2) shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $10,000. (2) Criminal penalties for subsequent offense Whoever, having been convicted of violating section 923(i)(2), willfully violates such section shall be fined not more than $100,000, imprisoned not less than 1 year, or both..