Findings

Congress finds the following: (1) Clause 11 of section 8 of article I of the Constitution of the United States grants Congress— (A) the power to grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal to punish, deter, and prevent acts of aggression and depredation and other malign acts committed by foreigners against Americans through cyber-enabled means; and (B) the authority to make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water. (2) Digital assets have become a core component of the global financial system and are used daily by millions of Americans for payments, savings, remittances, and commerce. (3) Americans are losing billions of dollars annually to crypto-enabled scams, fraud, ransomware, hacking, and theft. Seniors and other vulnerable populations are disproportionately harmed, with many victims losing life savings through schemes that exploit the speed, scale, and cross-border nature of digital assets. (4) Cybercriminal organizations, transnational criminal networks, and state-aligned actors increasingly rely on digital assets to steal, launder, and move funds at global scale, financing ransomware attacks, sanctions evasion, weapons proliferation, terrorism, and other threats to United States national security. (5) Digital asset financial crime is unfolding at machine speed. Funds can be stolen, laundered, and cashed out globally within hours, far outpacing traditional compliance and enforcement frameworks.