Findings

Congress finds the following: (1) The United States has a compelling national interest in protecting the health, safety, economic security, and environmental well-being of the people of the United States from significant air pollution originating outside the United States. (2) Wildfire smoke may contain fine particulate matter and other pollutants capable of traveling substantial distances and degrading air quality beyond the jurisdiction in which a wildfire originates. (3) During 2026, wildfire smoke originating in the sovereign territory of Canada repeatedly crossed the international border of the United States. (4) Such smoke— (A) caused or materially contributed to unhealthy air-quality conditions in communities in the United States; (B) impaired visibility; (C) disrupted outdoor work, transportation, recreation, education, tourism, and commercial activity; (D) increased public-health risks, particularly for children, older adults, pregnant individuals, outdoor workers, and individuals with respiratory or cardiovascular conditions; and (E) imposed costs on individuals, businesses, State and local governments, Tribal governments, and the Federal Government. (5) The Government of Canada possesses the authority and capacity to take reasonable measures to mitigate wildfire risks, improve forest and land management, suppress dangerous fires when practicable, provide timely information to neighboring jurisdictions, and cooperate with the United States regarding transboundary air pollution. (6) The Government of Canada has failed to take sufficient and timely measures to prevent, mitigate, or respond to repeated transboundary wildfire-smoke events affecting the United States. (7) The diplomatic representations of the United States regarding such smoke have not resulted in adequate remedial action by the Government of Canada. (8) The repeated and foreseeable transmission of significant wildfire smoke from Canada into the United States constitutes a serious foreign-policy concern and warrants the imposition of targeted economic and diplomatic consequences.