Constitutional authority

Congress enacts the following pursuant to Congress’ power under— (1) the Interstate Commerce Clause of section 8 of article I of the Constitution; (2) section 5 of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, including the power to enforce the prohibition on government action denying equal protection of the laws; and (3) section 8 of article I of the Constitution of the United States to make all laws necessary and proper for the carrying into execution of powers vested by the Constitution in the Government of the United States.