Definitions

In this title: (1) Computational thinking The term computational thinking means the wide range of creative processes that go into formulating problems and their solutions in such a way that the solutions can be carried out by a computer, and may involve some understanding of software and hardware design, logic and the use of abstraction and representation, algorithm design, algorithm expression, problem decomposition, modularity, programming paradigms and languages, issues of information security and privacy, the application of computation across a wide range of disciplines, and the societal impact of computing. (2) Eligible entity The term eligible entity means— (A) a State educational agency, as defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801); (B) a local educational agency, as defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801); (C) an eligible Tribal school; (D) a community college, which shall have the meaning given the term junior or community college in section 312(f) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1058(f)); (E) a technical college or postsecondary vocational institution, as that term is defined in section 102(c) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002(c)); (F) a labor organization (as defined in section 102); (G) a State agency with responsibility for a workforce development program, as defined in section 3 of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 3102); or (H) an institution of higher education. (3) Eligible tribal school The term eligible Tribal school means— (A) a school operated by the Bureau of Indian Education; (B) a school operated pursuant to the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (25 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.); or (C) a tribally controlled school (as defined in section 5212 of the Tribally Controlled Schools Act of 1988 (25 U.S.C. 2511)). (4) Emerging and advanced technology education The term emerging and advanced technology education includes education in any of the following: computational thinking; software design; hardware architecture and organization; theoretical foundations; use of abstraction and representation in problem solving; logic; algorithm design and implementation; the limits of computation; programming paradigms and languages; parallel and distributed computing; information security and privacy; computing systems and networks; graphics and visualization; databases and information retrieval; the relationship between computing and mathematics; artificial intelligence; quantum computing; applications of computing across a broad range of disciplines and problems; cloud computing; and the social impacts and professional practices of computing. (5) Institution of higher education The term institution of higher education has the meaning given the term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001). (6) Minority-serving institution The term minority-serving institution means an eligible institution as described in section 371 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1067q). (7) Poverty line The term poverty line has the meaning given the term in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801). (8) Programming The term programming means a hands-on, inquiry-based way in which computational thinking may be learned. (9) Secretary The term Secretary means the Secretary of Education. (10) STEAM The term STEAM means the subjects of science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics, including emerging and advanced technology.