Judicial enforcement

(a) Civil action (1) In general If the Commission determines that an immigration agency has engaged in a serious or willful violation of applicable requirements, the Commission is authorized, through attorneys selected by the Commission, to bring a civil action in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against any immigration agency. (2) Judicial order The court referred to in paragraph (1) is authorized to impose penalties pursuant to subsection (b) or to issue any decree, judgment, or order that may be necessary or appropriate to ensure the immigration agency complies with all applicable requirements. (b) Penalties An immigration agency that has engaged in a serious or willful violation of applicable requirements shall be subject to a penalty equal to $500,000 for each day such agency remains out of compliance with such requirements. (c) Liability of immigration agency for agents’ actions The noncompliance of any individual agent shall be imputed to the immigration agency that supervises such agent.