Review and certification

(a) Senior-Level review (1) In general Before fielding an autonomous weapon system capable of independently selecting and engaging targets without human supervision, the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation shall conduct a review to certify that the weapon system complies with the requirements of this Act. (2) Independent assessment Each review required under paragraph (1) with respect to an autonomous weapon system shall include an independent adversarial testing (red-team) assessment that evaluates the vulnerability of the system to adversarial manipulation under operationally realistic conditions, including degraded and electronic warfare contested environments (such as jamming and spoofing), communication disruption, and adversarial manipulation. (b) Certification requirement No autonomous weapon system described in subsection (a) may be fielded by the Department of Defense unless the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation certifies that the weapon system— (1) allows for ultimate human responsibility with respect to the use of force; and (2) has been tested to verify secure, safe, and reliable operations that meet the reliability standards of the Department for weapon systems, including retesting following any significant software update or change in operational environment. (c) Testing standards (1) In general Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of Operational Test and Evaluation shall publish on a publicly available website standards for the testing and evaluation of artificial intelligence components in autonomous weapon systems, including benchmarks for reliability, robustness, security, and human-machine team performance. (2) Form The standards required to be published under paragraph (1) shall be published in unclassified form to the maximum extent practicable.