Definitions

In this Act: (1) Adversarial-artificial intelligence The term adversarial-artificial intelligence means techniques or procedures to extract information about the behavior or characteristics of an artificial intelligence system, or to learn how to manipulate an artificial intelligence system, in order to subvert the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of an artificial intelligence system or adjacent system. (2) Artificial intelligence The term artificial intelligence has the meaning given the term in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401). (3) Artificial intelligence safety incident The term artificial intelligence safety incident means an event that materially increases the risk that operation of an artificial intelligence system leads to a state in which human life, health, property, or the environment is endangered. (4) Artificial intelligence security incident The term artificial intelligence security incident means an event that materially increases— (A) the risk that operation of an artificial intelligence system occurs in a way that enables the unauthorized extraction of information about the behavior or characteristics of an artificial intelligence system by an unauthorized party; or (B) the ability to manipulate an artificial intelligence system in order to subvert the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of an artificial intelligence system or adjacent system. (5) Artificial intelligence security vulnerability The term artificial intelligence security vulnerability means a weakness in an artificial intelligence system that could be exploited by a third party to subvert, without authorization, the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of an artificial intelligence system, including through techniques such as— (A) data poisoning; (B) evasion attacks; (C) privacy-based attacks; (D) model theft or extraction attacks; (E) attacks designed to circumvent or degrade the safety, alignment, or access control mechanisms of an artificial intelligence system; and (F) adversarial machine learning attacks as described in National Institute of Standards and Technology Trustworthy and Responsible Artificial Intelligence 100–2e2025 (relating to Adversarial Machine Learning), or successor publication.