Secretarial reports

The Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (as amended by section 12201(b)(1)) is amended by inserting after section 8 (7 U.S.C. 3507) the following: 9. Secretarial reports (a) Report on data collected (1) In general Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Agricultural Act of 2026, and not less frequently than annually thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress, and make publicly available, a report describing, with respect to the year covered by the report— (A) a description of— (i) the number of acres of agricultural land owned, leased, or managed by foreign persons, organized by State; and (ii) for each State, the percentage of land owned or managed by foreign persons compared to the total acreage of the State; (B) the activities carried out by the Secretary pursuant to this Act; (C) the intended and unintended misrepresentation of foreign landownership in any annual reports prepared by the Secretary describing foreign holdings of agricultural land due to inaccurate reporting of foreign holdings of agricultural land; and (D) any specific activities carried out by the Secretary to monitor erroneous reporting required under this Act that would result in— (i) a violation of this Act; or (ii) the assessment of a civil penalty under section 4, including the information described in subsection (e) of that section. (2) Protection of information The Secretary shall ensure the protection of personally identifiable information contained in the report pursuant to subparagraphs (A) through (D) of paragraph (1). (b) Interagency report on foreign influence in agriculture Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Agricultural Act of 2026, and not less frequently than annually thereafter, the Secretary, jointly with the Secretary of Homeland Security and the head of any other appropriate Federal agency, shall— (1) conduct an analysis of foreign influence in the United States agricultural sector; and (2) submit to Congress a report, which may be included with the report submitted under subsection (a), that includes a summary, with respect to the year covered by the report, of— (A) foreign investments in the United States agricultural sector; (B) trends relating to the purchase of agricultural land in the United States by foreign-owned shell corporations; (C) the risks and benefits, as determined by the Secretary, that are associated with foreign ownership or leasing of agricultural land in rural areas (as defined in section 520 of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1490)); (D) the risks to the agricultural sector of the United States posed by foreign purchases of United States businesses engaged in agriculture; (E) the potential for foreign investment to undermine United States agricultural production and agricultural supply chains; (F) the greatest international threats of increased foreign control of, and investment in, the United States agricultural sector; and (G) agriculture-related espionage and theft techniques used by foreign governments, including any attempts to target United States agricultural intellectual property, innovation, research and development, cost or pricing data, or internal strategy documents. (c) Report on implementation and interagency collaboration Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Agricultural Act of 2026, the Secretary shall, in coordination with any other Federal agency as determined by the Secretary, submit to Congress a report describing— (1) the progress of the Secretary in implementing the amendments made to this Act by the Agricultural Act of 2026; (2) the feasibility of establishing a mechanism for quantifying the threats posed by foreign persons to United States food security, biosecurity, food safety, environmental protection, and national defense; and (3) the feasibility of establishing a rigorous discovery and review process to review transactions that may be transactions described in section 721(a)(4)(B) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4565(a)(4)(B)) for referral to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States..