Establishment of CAFE standards and greenhouse gas emissions standards

(a) New standards (1) CAFE standards Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and the Administrator, shall establish CAFE standards for passenger automobiles (as defined in section 32901(a) of title 49, United States Code) and light-duty trucks (as defined in section 86.1803–01 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or a successor regulation)) for model years 2027 through 2035 in accordance with this section. (2) EPA emissions standards Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator, in coordination with the Secretary, shall establish standards for greenhouse gas emissions from new motor vehicles and new motor vehicle engines (as those terms are defined in section 216 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7550)) under section 202 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521) for model years 2027 through 2035 in accordance with this section. (b) Requirements (1) Bases The CAFE standards and greenhouse gas emissions standards established under paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, of subsection (a) shall— (A) be based on economic practicability and reflect achievable technological advancements based on market readiness and affordability; and (B) be based on evidence from industry capacity, historical data, and independent expert assessments to determine feasibility and economic impact, including on motor vehicle manufacturing job quality and stability. (2) CAFE standards Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in establishing the CAFE standards under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary may not consider the fuel economy of dedicated automobiles in any baseline fleet or scenario. (3) Greenhouse gas standards Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the greenhouse gas emissions standards established under subsection (a)(2)— (A) shall be technologically feasible and economically practicable for vehicles of any weight class or category when operated on reformulated gasoline that complies with section 211(o) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7545(o)); and (B) shall not require, directly or indirectly, the production or sale of vehicles operated on electricity. (c) Consultation (1) In general In establishing the CAFE standards and greenhouse gas emissions standards required under paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, of subsection (a), the Secretary and the Administrator shall, after providing adequate notice, consult with manufacturers (as defined in section 32901(a) of title 49, United States Code), energy producers, consumer groups, and other relevant stakeholders. (2) Use of feedback Any feedback received from an entity described in paragraph (1) during a consultation described in that paragraph shall be considered by the Secretary and the Administrator to ensure the CAFE standards and greenhouse gas emissions standards required under paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, of subsection (a) are technologically and economically achievable. (d) Reports; adjustment of standards (1) Reports The Secretary and the Administrator shall each submit to Congress a biennial report detailing progress toward achieving the applicable standards established under subsection (a) for 2035. (2) Adjustment of standards Based on findings in a report submitted under paragraph (1), including market conditions, technological advancements, and economic impact assessments, the Secretary and the Administrator, as applicable, may adjust the CAFE standards and greenhouse gas emissions standards required under paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, of subsection (a). (e) Continuation of current standards If the Secretary and the Administrator do not establish the CAFE standards and greenhouse gas emissions standards required under paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, of subsection (a) by the deadlines described in those paragraphs, the CAFE standards and greenhouse gas emissions standards for model year 2025 shall continue in effect through model year 2035.