Synchronization of defense readiness with North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies

(a) Report required Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter through 2034, the Commander of the United States European Command shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report that includes the following: (1) An evaluation of allied progress toward meeting the target of spending 3.5 percent of gross domestic product on core defense-related priorities by 2035, as agreed to at the 2025 North Atlantic Treaty Organization Summit in The Hague. (2) A description of United States and allied forces available to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe under the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Force Model, including— (A) a description of— (i) any change made during the preceding year to the United States forces available to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe under such Force Model; and (ii) any significant change in the security environment that may require changes to force requirements; and (B) an analysis of the risk any such change poses to the ability of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to fulfill deterrence and defense mission requirements. (3) A description of any change to the operational readiness of the United States and allied forces available to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe, including a description of— (A) the criteria used to determine the readiness of a unit; and (B) the data underpinning the assessment of the Commander of the United States European Command with respect to the readiness of such forces. (4) A description of North Atlantic Treaty Organization exercises and the accompanying metrics used to validate the readiness of forces. (5) An evaluation of allied progress toward implementing North Atlantic Treaty Organization capability targets and a description of any priority capability shortfalls, including any change to such progress. (6) A list of critical capabilities required to execute the regional plans of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, which capabilities are largely or wholly provided by the United States, and a description of any United States efforts to support and synchronize with fellow North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies to develop or procure such capabilities or similar capabilities, including any change to the availability of such capabilities. (7) In each subsequent report submitted under this subsection— (A) a description of any change to the United States forces available to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe under the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Force Model in the 90 days preceding the date on which the report is submitted; and (B) an analysis of the risk any such change poses to the ability of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to fulfill deterrence and defense mission requirements. (8) In the case of any change described in accordance with paragraph (2) or (3), an assessment of whether Europe has the force structure, readiness levels, and enabling capabilities to assume responsibility for any decrease in United States forces available to the Supreme Allied Commander Europe under the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Force Model. (9) An assessment of the deterrence and defense posture of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization on the alliance’s eastern flank, including— (A) a description of United States military force posture in each country on the eastern flank, including any changes to United States forces in Europe during the 90-day period preceding the submission of the report; (B) a description of allied military force posture in each country on the eastern flank; (C) an evaluation of the capacity of United States and allied forces to reinforce the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's eastern flank in the event of a conflict; (D) an identification of any obstacle that could delay such reinforcement, including the status of pre-positioned United States materiel in Europe, and an evaluation of the manner in which such obstacles could undermine the deterrence and defense posture of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; and (E) a description of efforts by the United States and North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies to address the obstacles identified under subparagraph (D), including efforts to improve mobility, readiness, pre-positioning, infrastructure, and coordination mechanisms necessary to enable timely reinforcement of the eastern flank. (10) An assessment of North Atlantic Treaty Organization deterrence efforts in Romania, including a description and evaluation of— (A) the United States force posture in Romania, including any new rotations to Romania intended to enhance deterrence after the 2025 decision to end the rotational presence of a United States brigade; (B) consultations with North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies regarding efforts to backfill or otherwise mitigate the capability gap resulting from the end of such rotational presence; (C) the readiness of North Atlantic Treaty Organization Forward Land Forces in Romania; (D) new or expanded bilateral and multilateral training activities and military exercises conducted to build capacity and improve interoperability among United States forces, Romanian forces, and other North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies; and (E) efforts undertaken by the United States, Romania, and other North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies to improve critical military infrastructure in Romania, including infrastructure necessary to support collective defense obligations of the alliance and to enable United States contingency operations. (b) Form Each report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.